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Substance Profile
MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) is a phenethylamine derivative and the N-demethylated precursor of MDMA. It combines psychedelic and entactogenic properties more strongly than MDMA, producing both pronounced empathogenic and visual effects. MDA was the first entactogen used in psychotherapeutic research in the 1960s. It has a longer duration and more psychedelic profile than MDMA but also shows higher neurotoxic potential due to more intense serotonin release.
Reported subjective effects based on clinical and community data
MDMA (Ecstasy) and the Rave: A Review
The hyperthermic and neurotoxic effects of ‘Ecstasy’ (MDMA) and 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in the Dark Agouti (DA) rat, a model of the CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonergic axon terminals in forebrain: immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity